trees

A tree is a non-linear data structure where a node can have zero or more connections. The topmost node in a tree is called root. The linked nodes to the root are called children or descendants. A node without any children is called a leaf or terminal node. All nodes except for the leaf and root node are called internal nodes.

The height of a tree is the distance (edge count) from the farthest leaf to the root. The depth of a tree is the distance from the root to the farthest leaf.

The height of a node is obtained by counting the edges (connections) between the node and the most distant leaf.

There are certain constraints a Tree structure must observe:

• It can't have a circular loop. That would be a Graph[Graph]
• A node can't have more than two parents. That too would be a Graph[Graph]
• It must have only one root.
• It can't have branches not connected to the root or its descendants.

A tree where each node has at most two children is called a binary tree.